Learning
Objectives:
-
To discuss the plan of Jose Rizal
to study abroad.
-
To know the secret mission of
Rizal.
-
To identify the reasons of Rizal
in studying abroad.
-
To know the voyage of Jose Rizal
LESSON
Rizal
Secret Mission
With the
approval of his brother Paciano, Rizal conceived his mission to observe keenly
the:
·
Life and culture
·
Languages and customs
·
Industries and commerce
·
Governments and laws of the European
Nations
It is in
order to prepare himself in the mighty task of liberating his oppressed people
from Spanish tyranny.
Secret
Departure for Spain:
Rizal departure for Spain was
kept secret to avoid detection by the Spanish authorities and the friars. Even
his own parents did not know because he knew that they would not allow him to
go especially his mother. Only his brother Paciano, his
uncle ( Antonio Rivera) Father of Leonor Rivera, his sister Neneng and Lucia,
the valensuela family Capitan Juan and CapitanaSanday and their daughter Orang,
Pedro A. Paterno, his compadre Mateo Evangelista the Ateneo Jesuit fathers and some intimate friends, including Chengoy ( Jose M. Cecilio ) knows
his departure. The kind of Jesuit Priest gives him letters of recommendation to
the members of their society in Barcelona. He used the name Jose Mercado a cousin from Biṅan.
May 3. 1882 – Rizal departed on
board the Spanish steamer Salvadora bound for Singapore.
TRAVEL
OF JOSE RIZAL ABROAD
|
Singapore
They
were sixteen passenger including himself five or six ladies , many children
and the rest are gentlemen. He was the only Filipino, the rest were
Spaniards. British and Indian Negroes during his voyage to singapore. Ship
captain Donato Lecha from Asturias
spain. His fellow passengers who spoke ill of the Philippines. On May 8, 1882 while steamer was
approaching singapore Rizal saw a beautiful island and he remember the talim island with the susong dalaga. May 9, 1882 the salvadora docked at
singapore. Rizal landed, registered at hotel dela paz and spent to days.
|
From Singapore to Colombo
In Singapore Rizal transferred
to another shipDjemnah a French
steamer which left Singapore for Europe on May 11. It was larger and cleaner
vessel which carried more passengers. The passenger of the ship was on
different races and French was mostly spoken on board because it was a French
vessel. On May 17, the Djemnah reached Point
Galle, a seacoast town in southern CEYLON (now Srilanka). Point Galle
is picturesque but lonely and quiet and at the same time sad. The following
day Djemnah weighed anchor and resume the voyage towards Colombo, capital of
Ceylon. Colombo is more beautiful, smart, and elegant than Singapore, Point
Galle and Manila.
|
First Trip through SUEZ CANAL
From Colombo the Djemnah
continued the voyage crossing the Indian ocean to the cape of Guardafui,
Africa. This place, Rizal called an inhospitable land but famous. The next
stopover – in Aden He found the City hotter than Manila. He was amused to see
the camels for it was his first time. From Aden the Djemnahproceeded to the
city of Suez, the red sea terminal of Suez Canal.It took the Djemnah five
days to traverse the Suez Canal, built by Ferdinand de Lesseps inaugurated on
Nov. 17 1869. At Port said, the Mediterranean terminal of the Suez Canal.
Rizal landed to see interesting sights and fascinated to hear the
multi-racial inhabitants speaking a babel of tongues- Arabic, Egyptian,
Greek, French,Italian, Spanish etc.
|
|
Naples and Marseilles
From Suez Canal, the Djemnah
proceeded on its way to Europe. On June 11, Rizal reached Naples.
This Italian city pleased him because of its business activity, its lively
people, and its panoramic beauty. On the night of June 12, the steamer docked at the French harbor of
Marseilles. He visited the famous Chateau d’If , where Dantes, hero of THE
COUNT OF MONTE CRISTO, was imprisoned. He stayed two and half days in
Marseilles.
Barcelona. On the afternoon of June 15, Rizal left Marseilles
by train for the last lap of his trip to Spain. He crossed the Pyrenees and
stopped for a day at the frontier town of Port Bou. Here he noticed the
indifference accorded by the Spanish immigration officers to tourist, in
direct contrast with the courtesy of the French immigration officers. After
the passport inspection at Port-Bou,
Rizal continued his trip by rail, finally reaching his destination- Barcelona
on June 16, 1882.
Barcelona the greatest city of
Cataluña and Spain’s second largest city, was unfavorable, first impression
of Rizal. Later he changed his bad impression and came to like the city. He
enjoyed promenading along Las Ramblas , the most famous street in Barcelona.
·
Amor
Patrio (Love of Country)- nationalistic essay wrote by Rizal, first
article written on Spain’s soil. He sent this article to his friend in
Manila, Basilio Teodoro Moran,and
publisher of Diariong Tagalog. Amor Patrio under his pen name Laong Laan, prints on August 20,
1882. Published in two texts-Spanish and Tagalog. Second article Los Viajes
(Travels). His third article Revista
de Madrid which he wrote in Madrid on November 29, 1882.
|
Manila Moves To Madrid
While sojourning in Barcelona,
Rizal received sad news about the cholera
that was ravaging Manila and the provinces. Many people had died and more
were dying daily. According Paciano’sletters
dated September 15, 1882. Calamba
folks having novenas, nocturnal processions and prayers so that God may stop
the dreadful epidemic. Another
sad news from the Philippines
was the chatty letter of Chengoy recounting the unhappiness of Leonor Rivera, who was getting
thinner because of the absence of a loved one.
In one of the letters (dated May
26, 1882), Paciano advised his younger brother to finish the medical course
in Madrid. Evidently, heeding his advice, Rizal left Barcelona in the fall of
1882 and established himself in Madrid, the capital of Spain.
|
Learning
Objectives:
-
To discuss the life of Jose Rizal
in Madrid
-
To identify Jose Rizal activities
in Madrid.
-
To know the girlfriend of Jose
Rizal in Madrid.
LESSON
LIFE IN MADRID
November 3, 1832- Rizal enrolled in the Universidad Central de Madrid (Central
University of Madrid) in two courses-
Medicine and Philosophy and Letters.
-
He also studied painting and
sculpture in the Academy of Fine Arts of
San Fernando.
-
He also took lessons in French,
German, and English under a private instructors
-
He also practice fencing and
shooting in the Hall of Arms of Sanz y Carbonell.
-
Because of his thirst in
knowledge and music, made him visited art galleries and museums and he read
books on all subject under the sun, including military engineering , in order
to broaden his cultural background.
-
Rizal led a Spartan life in
Madrid. He knew that he came to Spain to
study and prepared himself for service
to his fatherland.
-
Rizal budgeted his money and
time. He spent his money on food,
clothing, lodging, and books.
-
He never wasting a peseta in
gambling, wine, and women.
-
His only extravagance was
investing a few pesetas for lottery.
-
Rizal spent his leisure time
reading and writing, attending reunions of Filipino students, practicing
fencing, and shooting at gymnasium.
-
Other times, he sipped coffee
and fraternized with the students from Cuba, Mexico, Argentina at the Antigua
Café de Levante.
ROMANCE WITH CONSUELO
ORTIGA Y PEREZ
Consuelo Ortiga y Perez -daughter of Don Pablo Ortiga
y Rey, a former city mayor of Manila during the administration of the
liberal governor general.
-
Rizal was not a handsome
man. But he possessed an aura of
charisma due to his many-splendored talents and noble character which made him
attractive to young women.
-
The prettier Don Pablo’s
daughter (Consuelo) fell in love with him.
-
Rizal, being lonely young man
in a foreign country, far from his natal land, was attracted by Consuelo’s
beauty and vivacity.
§ August 22, 1883 – Rizal composed a lovely poem for Consuelo to
expressed his admiration, titled A La Senorita C. O. y P.(To Miss C.
O. y P.).
§ Before his romance to Consuelo blossom into serious affair, Rizal
backed out for two reasons:
(1)
He was still engaged to
Leonor Rivera and
(2)
His friend and co-worker
in the Propaganda Movement, Eduardo de Lete, was madly in love with Consuelo
and he had no wish to break his friendship because of a pretty girl.
Learning Objectives:
-
To discuss the plan of Jose Rizal
to study abroad.
-
To know the secret mission of
Rizal.
-
To identify the reasons of Rizal
in studying abroad.
-
To know the voyage of Jose Rizal
Rizal
Involved in Student Demonstrations
Nov. 20,21, and 22, 1884- the serene city of Madrid exploded in bloody riots by the students
of the Central University.
Caused of Demonstrations
·
The address of Dr.
MiguelMorayta, professor of history, at the opening ceremonies of the
academic year on Nov.20, in which he proclaimed “the freedom of science and the
teacher”.
Catholic bishops of Spain- condemned and excommunicated Dr.Morayta and those who applauded
his speech.
Violent demonstrations
·
Students rioted in the city
streets, shouting: “Viva Morayta! Down with Bishops!”
·
All the students in various
colleges (Law, Medicine, Philosophy and Letters, etc.) joined the massive
demonstrations, including Rizal, Valentin Ventura and other Filipinos.
·
Bloody fights raged in the
university buildings and the city streets.
·
The students armed with clubs,
stones and fists, fought the government forces.
Doctor Creus-
a very unpopular man, disliked by everybody, replaced the Rector.
Nov. 26, 1884- Rizal wrote a letter to his family about the riot.
Studies
Completed in Spain
·
Rizal completed his medical
course in Spain.
·
He was conferred the degree of Licentiate
in Medicine by the Universidad Central de Madrid on June 21, 1884.
·
The next academic year
(1884-85) he studied and passed all subjects leading to the degree of Doctor
of Medicine.
·
Due to the fact that he did not
present the thesis required for graduation nor paid the corresponding fees, he
was not awarded his Doctor’s diploma.
·
He also finished his studies in
Philosophy and Letters, with higher grades.
·
He was awarded the degree of Licentiate
in Philosophy and Letters by the Universidad Central de Madrid on June 19, 1885
(his 24th birthday) with therating of “Excellent” (Sobresaliente).
·
By obtaining the degree of
Licentiate in Philosophy and Letters, he became qualified to be a professor of humanities
in any Spanish university.
·
And by receiving his degree of
Licentiate in Medicine, he became a full-fledged physician, qualified to
practise medicine.
·
He did not bother to secure the
post-graduate degree of Doctor of Medicine because it was, together with the
Licentiate in Philosophy and Letters, goo only for teaching purposes.
·
November 26, 1884- he said i his letter to his family written in Madrid: “My
doctorate is not of very much value to me…because although it is useful to a
university professor, yet I believe they(Dominican friars) will never appoint
me as such in the College of Santo Tomas. I say the same thing of philosophy
and letters which may serve also for a professorship, but I doubt if the
Dominican fathers will grant it to me.”
