RIZAL TRIP ABROAD

Learning Objectives:

-          To discuss the plan of Jose Rizal to study abroad.

-          To know the secret mission of Rizal.

-          To identify the reasons of Rizal in studying abroad.

-          To  know the voyage of Jose Rizal

LESSON

Rizal Secret Mission

                                With the approval of his brother Paciano, Rizal conceived his mission to observe keenly the:

·         Life and culture

·         Languages and customs

·         Industries and commerce

·         Governments and laws of the European Nations

It is in order to prepare himself in the mighty task of liberating his oppressed people from Spanish tyranny.

Secret Departure for Spain:

                Rizal departure for Spain was kept secret to avoid detection by the Spanish authorities and the friars. Even his own parents did not know because he knew that they would not allow him to go especially his mother. Only his brother Paciano, his uncle ( Antonio Rivera) Father of Leonor Rivera, his sister Neneng and Lucia, the valensuela family Capitan Juan and CapitanaSanday and their daughter Orang, Pedro A. Paterno, his compadre Mateo Evangelista the Ateneo  Jesuit fathers and some intimate friends,  including Chengoy ( Jose M. Cecilio ) knows his departure. The kind of Jesuit Priest gives him letters of recommendation to the members of their society in Barcelona. He used the name Jose Mercado a cousin from Biṅan.

                May 3. 1882 – Rizal departed on board the Spanish steamer Salvadora bound for Singapore.

TRAVEL OF JOSE RIZAL ABROAD

Singapore They were sixteen passenger including himself five or six ladies , many children and the rest are gentlemen. He was the only Filipino, the rest were Spaniards. British and Indian Negroes during his voyage to singapore. Ship captain Donato Lecha from Asturias spain. His fellow passengers who spoke ill of the Philippines. On May 8, 1882 while steamer was approaching singapore Rizal saw a beautiful island and he remember the  talim island with the susong dalaga. May 9, 1882 the salvadora docked at singapore. Rizal landed, registered at hotel dela paz and spent to days.

From Singapore to Colombo In Singapore Rizal transferred to another shipDjemnah a French steamer which left Singapore for Europe on May 11. It was larger and cleaner vessel which carried more passengers. The passenger of the ship was on different races and French was mostly spoken on board because it was a French vessel. On May 17, the Djemnah reached Point Galle, a seacoast town in southern CEYLON (now Srilanka). Point Galle is picturesque but lonely and quiet and at the same time sad. The following day Djemnah weighed anchor and resume the voyage towards Colombo, capital of Ceylon. Colombo is more beautiful, smart, and elegant than Singapore, Point Galle and Manila.

First Trip through SUEZ CANAL From Colombo the Djemnah continued the voyage crossing the Indian ocean to the cape of Guardafui, Africa. This place, Rizal called an inhospitable land but famous. The next stopover – in Aden He found the City hotter than Manila. He was amused to see the camels for it was his first time. From Aden the Djemnahproceeded to the city of Suez, the red sea terminal of Suez Canal.It took the Djemnah five days to traverse the Suez Canal, built by Ferdinand de Lesseps inaugurated on Nov. 17 1869. At Port said, the Mediterranean terminal of the Suez Canal. Rizal landed to see interesting sights and fascinated to hear the multi-racial inhabitants speaking a babel of tongues- Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, French,Italian, Spanish etc.

Naples and Marseilles From Suez Canal, the Djemnah proceeded on its way to Europe. On June 11, Rizal reached Naples. This Italian city pleased him because of its business activity, its lively people, and its panoramic beauty. On the night of June 12, the steamer docked at the French harbor of Marseilles. He visited the famous Chateau d’If , where Dantes, hero of THE COUNT OF MONTE CRISTO, was imprisoned. He stayed two and half days in Marseilles. Barcelona. On the afternoon of June 15, Rizal left Marseilles by train for the last lap of his trip to Spain. He crossed the Pyrenees and stopped for a day at the frontier town of Port Bou. Here he noticed the indifference accorded by the Spanish immigration officers to tourist, in direct contrast with the courtesy of the French immigration officers. After the passport inspection at Port-Bou, Rizal continued his trip by rail, finally reaching his destination- Barcelona on June 16, 1882. Barcelona the greatest city of Cataluña and Spain’s second largest city, was unfavorable, first impression of Rizal. Later he changed his bad impression and came to like the city. He enjoyed promenading along Las Ramblas , the most famous street  in Barcelona. ·         Amor Patrio (Love of Country)- nationalistic essay wrote by Rizal, first article written on Spain’s soil. He sent this article to his friend in Manila, Basilio Teodoro Moran,and publisher of Diariong Tagalog. Amor Patrio under his pen name Laong Laan, prints on August 20, 1882. Published in two texts-Spanish and Tagalog. Second article Los Viajes (Travels). His third article Revista de Madrid which he wrote in Madrid on November 29, 1882.

Manila Moves To Madrid While sojourning in Barcelona, Rizal received sad news about the cholera that was ravaging Manila and the provinces. Many people had died and more were dying daily. According Paciano’sletters dated September 15, 1882. Calamba folks having novenas, nocturnal processions and prayers so that God may stop the dreadful epidemic. Another sad news from the Philippines was the chatty letter of Chengoy recounting the unhappiness of Leonor Rivera, who was getting thinner because of the absence of a loved one. In one of the letters (dated May 26, 1882), Paciano advised his younger brother to finish the medical course in Madrid. Evidently, heeding his advice, Rizal left Barcelona in the fall of 1882 and established himself in Madrid, the capital of Spain.

Learning Objectives:

-          To discuss the life of Jose Rizal in Madrid

-          To identify Jose Rizal activities in Madrid.

-          To know the girlfriend of Jose Rizal in Madrid.

LESSON

LIFE IN MADRID

November 3, 1832- Rizal enrolled in the Universidad Central de Madrid (Central University of Madrid) in two courses-                                          Medicine and Philosophy and Letters.

-          He also studied painting and sculpture  in the Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando.

-          He also took lessons in French, German, and English under a private instructors

-          He also practice fencing and shooting in the Hall of Arms of Sanz y Carbonell.

-          Because of his thirst in knowledge and music, made him visited art galleries and museums and he read books on all subject under the sun, including military engineering , in order to broaden his cultural background.

-          Rizal led a Spartan life in Madrid.  He knew that he came to Spain to study and prepared  himself for service to his fatherland.

-          Rizal budgeted his money and time.  He spent his money on food, clothing, lodging, and books.

-          He never wasting a peseta in gambling, wine, and women.

-          His only extravagance was investing a few pesetas for lottery.

-          Rizal spent his leisure time reading and writing, attending reunions of Filipino students, practicing fencing, and shooting at gymnasium.

-          Other times, he sipped coffee and fraternized with the students from Cuba, Mexico, Argentina at the Antigua Café de Levante.

ROMANCE WITH CONSUELO ORTIGA Y PEREZ

Consuelo Ortiga y Perez -daughter of Don Pablo Ortiga y Rey, a former city mayor of Manila during the administration of the liberal governor general.

-          Rizal was not a handsome man.  But he possessed an aura of charisma due to his many-splendored talents and noble character which made him attractive to young women.

-          The prettier Don Pablo’s daughter (Consuelo) fell in love with him.

-          Rizal, being lonely young man in a foreign country, far from his natal land, was attracted by Consuelo’s beauty and vivacity.

^§    August 22, 1883 – Rizal composed a lovely poem for Consuelo to expressed his admiration, titled A La Senorita C. O. y P.(To Miss C. O. y P.). 

^§    Before his romance to Consuelo blossom into serious affair, Rizal backed out for two reasons: 

⁽¹⁾             He was still engaged to Leonor Rivera and

⁽²⁾             His friend and co-worker in the Propaganda Movement, Eduardo de Lete, was madly in love with Consuelo and he had no wish to break his friendship because of a pretty girl.    

                

Learning Objectives:

-          To discuss the plan of Jose Rizal to study abroad.

-          To know the secret mission of Rizal.

-          To identify the reasons of Rizal in studying abroad.

-          To  know the voyage of Jose Rizal

Rizal Involved in Student Demonstrations

Nov. 20,21, and 22, 1884- the serene city of Madrid exploded in bloody riots by the students of the Central University.

Caused of Demonstrations

·         The address of Dr. MiguelMorayta, professor of history, at the opening ceremonies of the academic year on Nov.20, in which he proclaimed “the freedom of science and the teacher”.

Catholic bishops of Spain- condemned and excommunicated Dr.Morayta and those who applauded his speech.

Violent demonstrations

·         Students rioted in the city streets, shouting: “Viva Morayta! Down with Bishops!”

·         All the students in various colleges (Law, Medicine, Philosophy and Letters, etc.) joined the massive demonstrations, including Rizal, Valentin Ventura and other Filipinos.

·         Bloody fights raged in the university buildings and the city streets.

·         The students armed with clubs, stones and fists, fought the government forces.

Doctor Creus- a very unpopular man, disliked by everybody, replaced the Rector.

Nov. 26, 1884- Rizal wrote a letter to his family about the riot.

Studies Completed in Spain

·         Rizal completed his medical course in Spain.

·         He was conferred the degree of Licentiate in Medicine by the Universidad Central de Madrid on June 21, 1884.

·         The next academic year (1884-85) he studied and passed all subjects leading to the degree of Doctor of Medicine.

·         Due to the fact that he did not present the thesis required for graduation nor paid the corresponding fees, he was not awarded his Doctor’s diploma.

·         He also finished his studies in Philosophy and Letters, with higher grades.

·         He was awarded the degree of Licentiate in Philosophy and Letters by the Universidad Central de Madrid on June 19, 1885 (his 24^th birthday) with therating of “Excellent” (Sobresaliente).

·         By obtaining the degree of Licentiate in Philosophy and Letters, he became qualified to be a professor of humanities in any Spanish university.

·         And by receiving his degree of Licentiate in Medicine, he became a full-fledged physician, qualified to practise medicine.

·         He did not bother to secure the post-graduate degree of Doctor of Medicine because it was, together with the Licentiate in Philosophy and Letters, goo only for teaching purposes.

·         November 26, 1884- he said i his letter to his family written in Madrid: “My doctorate is not of very much value to me…because although it is useful to a university professor, yet I believe they(Dominican friars) will never appoint me as such in the College of Santo Tomas. I say the same thing of philosophy and letters which may serve also for a professorship, but I doubt if the Dominican fathers will grant it to me.”